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    Title: 華語3D分類詞之認知基礎與教學應用——以「間、棟、座、所、家、幢」為例
    Cognitive Basis and Pedagogical Applications of Mandarin 3D Classifiers: Taking “Jian, Dong, Zuo, Suo, Jia, Chuang” as Examples
    Authors: 黃兆薇
    Huang, Zhao-Wei
    Contributors: 張郇慧
    陳淳迪

    Chang, Hsun-Huei
    Chen, Chun-Di

    黃兆薇
    Huang, Zhao-Wei
    Keywords: 分類詞
    華語教學
    認知
    具象化
    Classifiers
    Teaching Chinese as a Second Language
    Cognition
    Visualization
    Date: 2023
    Issue Date: 2024-02-01 10:53:04 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 分類詞(classifier)是華語一項重要且特殊的詞類。學界對分類詞的討論精深多元,在對外華語教學領域中,分類詞教學卻明顯不足,對學習者而言,更是一大學習難點;學生在分類詞學習上的困擾,是華語教學工作者面臨的考驗,也是研究者欲深究的議題。研究者以分類詞「間、棟、座、所、家、幢」為題,研究目的有二,一是釐清華語母語者對分類詞「間、棟、座、所、家、幢」的使用偏好與認知,二是將研究結果以圖像應用於華語教學之中,提供教案示例與建議。
    本研究採用的研究方法分為兩階段,第一階段是語料庫研究,第二階段為問卷實驗調查。在語料庫研究中,研究者首先歸納辭典語義,接著整理本組分類詞在語料庫中的分佈情形,進一步分析出共現搭配詞的視覺特徵。在第二階段的問卷實驗裡,研究者根據前一階段的分析結果,繪製具不同視覺特徵的3D模型與2D圖片,再請30位受試者選擇分類詞的接受程度,同步進行訪談調查,以探討體積、形狀及文化符號對分類詞使用偏好的影響。最後,本研究彙整實驗結果,提供分類詞教材建議與教案示例。
    研究結果顯示,分類詞「間」常用於小型而沒有尖端頂部的建築,因其泛用性使它能與各種不同的文化符號搭配;分類詞「棟」適用於高大建築,形狀多為長方體,著重於高度和形狀的描述,不太受文化符號影響。分類詞「座」多見於大型建築,形狀以具備大底面積為主,並可與宗教相關建築結合。分類詞「所」更強調抽象指涉,體積取決於搭配名詞,形狀偏向方正,常見於正式或非營利場所。分類詞「家」通常與小型建築相關,形狀偏向方形,常與商業或品牌場所相聯繫。最後,分類詞「幢」的使用多樣,外型上主要受高度影響,功能方面則似乎與可居住的華美建築有關。
    本研究採用3D模型影片作為輔助,拓展了以往僅限於2D圖片的研究設計,能更深入的討論分類詞的外顯知覺。其學術價值體現於將理論與實際教學結合,以實驗了解母語者認知,進而驗證了使用圖像進行分類詞教學的可行性。
    Classifiers in Mandarin Chinese represent a crucial and distinctive part of its lexical structure. While academia extensively discusses the intricacies of classifiers, their pedagogical treatment in the field of teaching Chinese as a foreign language remains noticeably inadequate. The challenges faced by learners in understanding classifiers present a significant hurdle, posing both a test for Chinese language educators and an intriguing subject for researchers. This study focuses on the classifiers “間 (jiān), 棟 (dòng), 座 (zuò), 所 (suǒ), 家 (jiā), 幢 (chuáng)” with dual objectives: to elucidate the usage preferences and cognitive patterns of native Mandarin speakers regarding these classifiers and to apply the research findings through visual aids in teaching Chinese as a second language, offering pedagogical suggestions and lesson examples.

    This research employs a two-phase methodology. The first phase involves a corpus study, where the researcher initially synthesizes dictionary semantics, organizes the distribution of the classifiers in the corpus, and further analyzes the visual features of collocations. In the second phase, a questionnaire-based experimental investigation is conducted. Building on the analysis from the first phase, this research creates 3D models and 2D images with distinct visual characteristics. Thirty participants are then asked to assess the acceptability of these classifiers, accompanied by simultaneous interviews to explore the impact of volume, shape, and cultural symbols on usage preferences.
    The results indicate that the classifier “間” is commonly used for small buildings without pointed tops, owing to its versatility that allows it to blend with various cultural symbols. “棟” is suitable for tall structures with a predominantly rectangular shape, emphasizing height and shape descriptors, with minimal influence from cultural symbols. “座” is prevalent in large buildings, characterized by a large base area and often associated with religious structures. “所” emphasizes abstract reference, with volume determined by the accompanying noun, exhibiting a preference for a square shape and commonly found in formal or non-profit places. “家” is typically associated with small buildings, leaning towards a square shape and often linked with commercial or brand-related locations. Finally, the usage of “幢” is diverse, primarily influenced by height in terms of appearance and seemingly associated with luxurious habitable structures.
    The incorporation of 3D model videos in this study supplements the traditional use of 2D images, enabling a more in-depth discussion of the explicit perceptions of classifiers. The academic value is manifested in the integration of theory with practical teaching, leveraging experiments to understand native speakers’ cognition and validating the feasibility of using images for classifier instruction.
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    外文書目
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    Her, O. S. (2012). Distinguishing classifiers and measure words: A mathematical perspective and implications. Lingua, 122(14), 1668-1691.
    Her, O. S. (2012). Structure of classifiers and measure words: a lexical functional account. Language and Linguistics, 13:6: 1211-1251.
    Kavokina, I. (2023). The Near-Synonymous Classifiers in Mandarin Chinese: Etymology, Modern Usage, And Possible Problems in L2 Classroom. Masters Theses. 1386.
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    Mitchell, W. J. T. (1994). Picture Theory: Essays on Verbal and Visual Representation. University of Chicago Press.
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    Tai, James H-Y. (1992). Variation in classifier systems across Chinese dialects: towards a cognition-based semantic approach. Chinese Languages and Linguistics, 1, 587-608.
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    線上資源
    中央研究院現代漢語平衡語料庫4.0版:http://asbc.iis.sinica.edu.tw/
    教育部重編國語辭典修訂本:http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cbdic/
    全國法規資料庫:https://law.moj.gov.tw/
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    華語文教學碩博士學位學程
    106161014
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106161014
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[華語文教學博/碩士學位學程] 學位論文

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