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    Title: 社會語言學在華語教學中的應用:以「稱謂語」為例
    Application of sociolinguistics in teaching Mandarin Chinese address forms
    Authors: 曹嘉珍
    Tsao, Chia Chen
    Contributors: 詹惠珍
    Chan, Hui Chen
    曹嘉珍
    Tsao, Chia Chen
    Keywords: 稱謂語
    場合正式性
    熟悉程度
    階級
    輩分
    華語教學
    Address Forms
    Formality
    Familiarity
    Ranking
    Generation
    Teaching Mandarin Chinese
    Date: 2012
    Issue Date: 2013-03-01 09:25:38 (UTC+8)
    Abstract:   本研究旨在探究將語言功能教學納入華語教學中之可行性,並選取華語稱謂語作為研究之對象。為達成研究目的,本研究以問卷調查方式以及訪談做為研究工具,有效問卷共計24份,透過問卷調取語料及配合訪談,進一步分析華語母語者在不同情境下對於稱謂語的擇用是否有規律可循。問卷調查以場合正式性、熟悉程度、階級、輩分與性別五項社會因素為主,檢測此五項社會因素個別如何宰制其對華語稱謂語的擇用,當其交乘時又會如何相互牽制與競爭。
      經過研究實施與資料分析,在35個稱謂語中,只有7種形式使用頻率較高,包括「(名字 你)」、「您」、「職稱({你,您})」、「姓氏+職稱({你,您})」、「(姓氏)職稱({你,您})」、「姓氏+先生({你,您})」、「全名+你」。在社會變相方面,發現性別對稱謂語的擇用不具顯著影響力。因此就場合正式性、熟悉程度、階級與輩分四項社會因素進行分析,歸結研究結果如下:(一)受試者在公開場合與私底下之首選均為併式「(名字 你)」。研究結果顯示場合正式性的高低對首選的指稱形式的選擇並無直接影響。換言之,場合正式性對於稱謂語不具識別性。(二)在很熟、不大熟與不認識三種情形下,「名字」或「你」使用頻率均很高,凸顯現在社會價值體系的走向仍偏向協和關係,且其已超越權勢的強度。因此,當需要標示社會差距時會使用「職稱」。換言之,熟悉程度對於稱謂語的擇用具影響力,並依此分列為兩大系統,以「名字」與「你」指稱熟悉度高的對象,以「職稱」指稱熟悉度低的對象。(三)指涉對象為上司時多選用有「職稱」者;指涉同事與下屬則偏向使用「(名字 你)」;「您」則少用於指涉下屬。另外,原先假設「階級」可分為上司、同事與下屬三種程度,然根據調查結果可重新切割為「上司」以及「非上司」(即同事與下屬)兩階即可。(四)在對象輩分高於自己的情況下傾向以「職稱」標示雙方社會距離,而在面對平輩或是晚輩時則不適用。選用「您」的情形在面對長輩或是平輩時較為頻繁,對晚輩則不使用。「名字」以及「你」的稱謂指涉則不分輩分高低,顯示這兩種語言形式基本上不受到輩分高低的控制。(五)綜合以上,發現四項社會因素個別對稱謂語之影響力的優先順序為:{熟悉程度,階級}>輩分>場合正式性;交乘考量時,對稱謂語之影響力的優先順序為:熟悉程度>階級>輩分>場合正式性。無論是對於單獨或複合的稱謂形式,熟悉程度與階級的宰制均較強,影響力皆較大;而輩分與場合正式性的宰制較弱,影響力不明顯,可見與聽話者之間的關係才是主宰稱謂語擇用的主因。
      最後本研究根據上述研究結果,對華語教學提出相關建議,並提出語言功能教學在華語教學實務上的應用與設計,希望能夠培養學習者建立對語言功能的意識與認識以及語言結構的使用能力,提升華語學習者的學習成效,達成語碼形式的正確性與使用之適切性兼具的成功溝通。
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    華語文教學碩士學位學程
    98161015
    101
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098161015
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[華語文教學博/碩士學位學程] 學位論文

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