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    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/67279


    Title: 土著主義、原住民主義與拉丁美洲原住民運動
    Other Titles: Indigenism, Indianism and Latin American Indigenous Movement
    Authors: 石雅如
    Shin, Yaju
    Contributors: 歐洲語文學系
    Keywords: 拉丁美洲;土著主義;原住民主義
    Latin America;indigenism;indianism;indigenous movement
    Date: 2009.09
    Issue Date: 2014-07-03 15:58:17 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 當西班牙抵達美洲的時候，原住民人口介於一千萬到四千萬之間，然而歐洲人帶來的傳染病卻使十六世紀的印第安原住民人口銳減一半，西屬美洲的原住民在十六世紀末到十七世紀之間僅剩下七百萬到八百萬。殖民時期的原住民集中在阿茲堤克和印加帝國，也就是中美洲的新西班牙總督區和南美安地斯山脈中部。目前，拉丁美洲共有五億人口，其中原住民人口數約四千萬人，占總人口數的百分之八。全體原住民中的百分之九十一，居住在墨西哥、瓜地馬拉。厄瓜多、祕魯和玻利維亞，其中玻利維亞的原住民人口更接近該國總人口的七成。上述原住民所在分佈範圍正是本文討論的主要空間領域。歷經西班牙殖民三百年，十九世紀拉丁美洲進入共和國體制，然而從殖民到獨立，拉丁美洲原住民族長期遭受歐洲統治階層甚至印歐混血的麥士蒂索族群所輕視，這種結構性困境延續到二十世紀。在1930年代經濟大蕭條的衝擊後，當時拉美各國執政階層思索發展政策，其中甚至有人把發展遲緩的原因歸咎到原住民族身上。於是，為了國家發展需要，拉丁美洲原住民文化開始受到關注，從知識界到政界，推行提升原住民族生活政策。惟這種以國家體制為出發點的土著主義，並非致力於保護原住民族的傳統文化，為了抵抗國家體制威脅，在1980年代出現反動思潮，也就是所謂的原住民主義。本論文即在探討二十世紀至今拉丁美洲原住民思潮的歷史脈絡和影響。
    After 300 years of Spanish colonization, Latin America enters the Republic system at the 19th century. However, after the independence, Latin America Indian native still suffered the discrimination from other ethnic group. Around the third decade of last century, as result of the international economy crisis impact, various Latin American start their development policy, in which some people put the blame on the slowly development for indigenous people. As a result of the national development policy need, the government starts to pay attention on indigenous culture and try to promotion an ethnic integration policy. However, the subject of this policy no means devotes to the protection original resident nationality`s traditional culture, to resist the threat form state, start the reaction from indigenous people around 1980, which is considered as idigenism. This study focuses on the historical of ideology of Latin America indigenous people from 20th century until now, and also touches upon their influence on the political participation and the trend of Latin American modern indigenous movements.
    Relation: 台灣原住民族研究季刊, 2(3), 85-97.
    Data Type: article
    Appears in Collections:[歐洲語文學系] 期刊論文

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