| Abstract: | 本研究旨在了解我國兒童音樂性向的現況,同時探討兒童音樂性向與年級;性別;智力;音樂環境;音樂成就等因素之間的關係.本研究採叢集抽樣,以臺南縣市地區七所國民小學一至六年級兒童為樣本,總人數為1682人.本研究工具有三:高登的"音樂聽受力中級測驗"研究者自編的"兒童音樂環境調查問卷"與"兒童一般音樂能力成就測驗",以上三種工具分別以信度分析;t考驗;因素分析;積差相關分析 考驗其信度與效度.本研究所得資料以描述性統計分析;t考驗;單因子變異數分析;Scheffe`事後比較;積差相關分析;多元迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析.本研究有下列七項重要發現:(1)兒童音樂性向呈現高狹峰負偏態的分佈(2)不同年級兒童在音樂性向上有顯著差異.兒童音樂性向在國小一至三年級發展最快,尤其一至二年級最為明顯,三至四年級音樂性向發展漸趨平緩,至國小四年級,兒童音樂性向已達穩定狀態(3)不同性別兒童在音樂性向上有顯著差異.就全體而言,國小女生之音樂性向顯著高於男生,但就各年級而言,國小男女生音樂性向在一年級原本並無差異,但至六年級,男女生的音樂性向差異越趨明顯,本研究推論乃後天男女角色期望不同所致.(4)兒童音樂性向與智力有顯著相關.兒童音樂性向與智力的相關在低年級較明顯,但兒童音樂性向與音樂環境的相關反而是在高年級較明顯,這顯示兒童音樂性向在早期與先天能力較有關,但隨著年齡漸增,音樂環境的影響力越來越大.(5)兒童音樂性向與音樂環境有顯著相關.國小低年級兒童的音樂性向與兒童的音樂喜好及參與度較有關,而國小中高年級兒童的音樂性向與樂器學習經驗及家庭接觸音樂頻率較有關.(6)兒童音樂性向與音樂成就有顯著相關,兒童音樂性向可有效預測兒童音樂成就,而整體音樂性向對音樂成就的預測力,較單獨用音調性向或節奏性向來預測音樂成就的效果佳.(7)除了音樂性向之外,同時納入兒童的年齡;音樂環境;智力等因素,對兒童音樂成就的預測效果較佳.本論文並建立兒童音樂性向的區域性常模,而論文最後提出對音樂教育相關行政單位;國小校長;音樂教師及兒童父母的建議, 並建議日後建立全國性的兒童音樂性向常模,及探討兒童音樂性向與其他因素的關係.
This study is to survey the children musical aptitude in Taiwan and discuss therelationship among grade, sex, IQ, musical environmentand musical achievement.By cluster sampling, 1682 children frome grade one to six of seven primary schools in Tainan were chosen in this study. The instrument included Gordon`s "Tntermediate Measures of Music Audiation", researcher-designed "MusicalEnvironment Inventory"and "Musical Achievement Test",and all of them were pre-tested for validity and reliability using the method of reliability analysis,t-test, factor analysis and correlation analysis. Data were analyzed using the method of descriptive and inferential statistics, including t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis,and multiple stepwise regerssion.The results of this study showed that children musical aptitude had negative skewness and leptokurtic distribution, signifiant difference among different grades and between sex. In general, girl or higher grade children had higher musical aptitude.It developedrapidly during first to third grade,then became slow and stabilized during thirdto fourth grade. For children of first grade, there was no sex difference, butthe girl gradually outgrew the boy and became significant higher musical apti-titude till the grade of six. The trend of sex difference could be attributedto the different role expectation.For the other related factors,musical aptitudehad significant correlation with IQ,musical environment and musical achievement.The trend of higher IQ correlation in children of lower grades and higherenvironment correlation in children of high grades revealed early effects of instinct and gradually important environmental effect on musical aptitude. Among all the factors, musical achievement had the best correlation with musical aaptitude,and the total score of musical aptitude was found to be the best predictor of musical achievement in children especially combining with relatedfactors including age,sex,IQ and musical environment. A regional norm of child- ren musical aptitude was also set up in this study,and suggestions for educati-onal administration,teachers,parentsand future studies were proposed. |
