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| Title: | 日治時期後臺灣與韓國的地址體系比較 —以臺北市與首爾市為例
일제시기 이후 대만과 한국의 주소 체계 비교 -타이베이시와 서울시를 중심으로– |
| Authors: | 蘇鈺淇
Su, Yu-Chi |
| Contributors: | 金恩美
朴炳善
蘇鈺淇
Su, Yu-Chi |
| Keywords: | 地址體系
道路名地址
地番地址
路名類型
行政區域變遷
Address system
Road name address
Land lot-based address
Road name
Administrative districts |
| Date: | 2023 |
| Issue Date: | 2023-09-01 16:21:17 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本研究比較日治時期後臺灣臺北市與韓國首爾市的地址規劃，透過分析兩城市地址體系的變化，深化對兩國文化歷史的認識，提供以不同角度探討東亞近現代史的機會。地址不僅是標示地點的工具，其包含的地名、路名也與一國的歷史背景、文化和政權演變密切相關。因此地址體系會隨著政權轉變發生變化，各國使用的地址體系也存在差異。地址體系在2014年以前可分為「道路名地址」、「地番地址」以及「街區地址」。全球多數國家採用的道路名地址由道路名和建築物號碼構成，臺灣使用的「路」、「街」、「巷」即屬於道路名地址的行政單位。地番地址將土地劃分為區塊並賦予號碼，韓國常見的「洞」即屬於地番地址的行政單位。韓國在2014年正式將地址體系由地番地址轉換成以「大道」、「路」、「街」等單位構成的道路名地址後，「洞」雖已不再是正式的行政單位，但日常生活中，韓國居民仍使用「洞」表示場所。而日本自1962年起，將地番地址轉換成以街區形式劃分的街區地址和道路名地址，但目前大多數城市採用街區地址。
臺灣和韓國分別在1895年和1910年被日本殖民，日本在殖民時期將其特有的地番地址引進臺灣和韓國。然而，隨著日治時期的結束，兩國在地址體系轉換方面出現了不同的變化。臺灣於1946年立即廢除地番地址，改用道路名地址；韓國則沿用地番地址，直至2014年才轉換為道路名地址。本研究藉由臺灣和韓國的地方志、著作以及現有文獻，探討並分析日治時期後兩國在地址體系的選擇與轉換上呈現不同樣貌的原因。
研究結果如下：二戰結束後，中華民國政府接收臺灣，為了消除日本在臺灣留下的痕跡，在地址方面，即刻廢除了日本式的「町」和「丁目」，採用當時中國使用的「路」、「街」、「巷」。在威權體制的背景下，全國性的地址體系與路名改正得以在短時間內實行與確立。臺北市的地址體系自日治時期結束後沿用至今，路名也自1947年第二次路名改正後無大幅變化。而韓國於日治時期結束後，先經歷了三年的美軍政時期，隨後建立了大韓民國。然而，不久後即爆發韓國戰爭，時代背景極為混亂。韓國一方面需要重建因戰爭而遭受的損害，同時也必須建立全新的政權體系。面臨雙重挑戰的韓國政府無法投入足夠的資源和精力來進行地址體系的重整，因此沿用了日治時期的地番地址，僅將日本式行政單位名稱「町」改成韓國式的「洞」。但隨著都市化、產業化的快速發展，地番的連續性毀損，使得既有的地番地址不易尋找位置。為了應對這些問題，韓國從1996年開始著手進行道路名地址相關的準備工作。原訂於2012年實施，然而居民已習慣使用近百年的地番地址，對於改行道路名地址有許多疑問與反彈。為了讓居民有充足的適應時間並建立更完善的體系，韓國政府將實施日期延後了兩年，直至2014年才正式開始實施道路名地址制。
兩城市的路名類型中，首爾市具當地特色的路名超過80%，而臺北市具當地特色的路名僅佔不到30%。臺北市的路名中，約有43%與中國地名、中華民族精神以及歷史人物相關，反映出中華民國政府遷臺後「去日本化」、「中國化」的政治理念。在人名路名方面，臺北市主要使用與中華民國政府相關的人物名稱，具有濃厚的政治色彩；首爾市則主要使用君王、學者和獨立運動家等偉人的名稱作為路名。人物的活躍時代較廣泛，且較不具明顯的政治色彩。綜合上述研究結果，日治時期結束後，臺灣與韓國受到不同的政權背景、民主化時代和國際地址體系使用趨勢等影響，使得兩國在地址體系的選擇和轉變時機上呈現不同的樣貌。
The purpose of this study is to compare how the address systems changed in Taipei City and Seoul in postcolonial Taiwan and South Korea. It aims to enhance understanding of cultural history, while also providing an opportunity to explore the modern history of East Asia from different perspectives.
Before 2014, the address systems were mainly categorized into “road name address”, “land lot-based address” and “block address”. Road name address, which is commonly used in many countries, consists of road names and building numbers. Land lot-based address divides land and assigns numbers. The commonly seen “dong” in South Korea falls under the category of land lot-based address. South Korea officially transitioned its address system from land lot-based address to road name address in 2014. While “dong” is no longer an official administrative designation, people still continue to use it in daily life to indicate locations. Block address is an addressing system that divides areas into blocks. Japan changed its address system from land lot-based address to block address and road name address in 1962, but most cities in Japan currently use block address.
Taiwan and South Korea were respectively colonized by Japan in 1895 and 1910. During the colonial era, Japan introduced its distinctive land lot-based address system to both Taiwan and South Korea. However, as the Japanese colonial period came to an end, the two countries exhibited markedly different changes in their address systems. Taiwan changed its address system to road name address system in 1946, whereas South Korea continued using the land lot-based address system until 2014.
The research results are as follows: The National Government of Republic of China took control of Taiwan after World War II. The Japanese-style address system, such as “cho” and “chome”, was abolished and replaced with the address system used in China, such as “lu(road)”, “jie(street)” and “xiang(lane)”. The National Government had significant power, enabling the implementation and establishment of the address system and road name corrections in Taiwan within a short period of time. The address system of Taipei City has been used since then, and the road names mostly remained the same since the second road name correction in 1947. On the other side, after the Japanese colonial period, South Korea went through three years of U.S. military administration before establishing Republic of Korea. Shortly after its establishment, the Korean War broke out. In such circumstances, South Korea faced the challenge of rebuilding from the massive damage caused by the war while also needed to establish a new system of governance. As a result, South Korea continued to use the Japanese-style land lot-based address system, only changing the Japanese-style administrative unit name “cho” to the Korean-style “dong”. However, due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, the continuity of lot numbers was disrupted, making it difficult to find locations. Therefore, the government commenced planning for road name addresses in 1996, with the implementation of the road name address system originally set to begin in 2012. Due to concerns and resistance from residents, the government postponed the implementation date to 2014. The current addressing system in South Korea is composed of “daero(boulevard)”, “ro(road)” and “gil(street)”.
Compare the road name types between Taipei City and Seoul, road names with local characteristics are more than 80% in Seoul, but less than 30% in Taipei City. In Taipei City, approximately 43% of road names are related to city names in China, Chinese ethnic spirit, and historical figures. These names were predominantly chosen based on the ideology of the National Government of the Republic of China, emphasizing “de-Japanization” and “re-Sinicization” after World War II. Taking a closer look at road names named after people in both cities, most of the names in Taipei are related to the National Government, carrying a strong political undertone. But the names in Seoul were mostly given to kings, scholars, and independence activists from the Joseon dynasty to the Japanese colonial period, which are less associated with political connotations. Based on the comprehensive findings of this study, Taiwan and South Korea exhibited different address planning after Japanese colonial rule due to differences in political backgrounds after World War II, democratization, and international address system usage trends. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
韓國語文學系
109557001 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109557001 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [韓國語文學系] 學位論文
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